SUNDAY MASS

Today is the great day being SUNDAY.
So let us look in the Bible in Ezekiel 17:22-24
It reads;

22 Thus says the Lord GOD: "I myself will take a sprig from the lofty top of the cedar, and will set it out; I will break off from the topmost of its young twigs a tender one, and I myself will plant it upon a high and lofty mountain;

23 on the mountain height of Israel will I plant it, that it may bring forth boughs and bear fruit, and become a noble cedar; and under it will dwell all kinds of beasts; in the shade of its branches birds of every sort will nest.

24 And all the trees of the field shall know that I the LORD bring low the high tree, and make high the low tree, dry up the green tree, and make the dry tree flourish. I the LORD have spoken, and I will do it."

Responsorial Psalm
Psalms 92:2-3, 13-16

1 It is good to give thanks to the LORD, to sing praises to thy name, O Most High;

2 to declare thy steadfast love in the morning, and thy faithfulness by night,

12 The righteous flourish like the palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon.

13 They are planted in the house of the LORD, they flourish in the courts of our God.

14 They still bring forth fruit in old age, they are ever full of sap and green,

15 to show that the LORD is upright; he is my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in him.

Secondly coming to the New Testament in
2 Corinthians 5:6-10 It reads;

6 So we are always of good courage; we know that while we are at home in the body we are away from the Lord,

7 for we walk by faith, not by sight.

8 We are of good courage, and we would rather be away from the body and at home with the Lord.

9 So whether we are at home or away, we make it our aim to please him.

10 For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive good or evil, according to what he has done in the body.

Now let's hear from the Gospel of the Lord. Taking the Gospel in Mark 4:26-34 it reads;

26 And he said, "The kingdom of God is as if a man should scatter seed upon the ground,

27 and should sleep and rise night and day, and the seed should sprout and grow, he knows not how.

28 The earth produces of itself, first the blade, then the ear, then the full grain in the ear.

29 But when the grain is ripe, at once he puts in the sickle, because the harvest has come.

" 30 And he said, "With what can we compare the kingdom of God, or what parable shall we use for it?

31 It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when sown upon the ground, is the smallest of all the seeds on earth;

32 yet when it is sown it grows up and becomes the greatest of all shrubs, and puts forth large branches, so that the birds of the air can make nests in its shade.

" 33 With many such parables he spoke the word to them, as they were able to hear it;

34 he did not speak to them without a parable, but privately to his own disciples he explained everything.

Regards,
Bro.
BEM CELESTINE

FORMATTING CHART (MS EXCEL)

Formatting Chart Text
Making charts more attractive, you can format chart items by borders around the titles, the legend, and the text boxes. Then you can also change the color, thickness, and style of the border, and choose the color of the area within the border. Procedures: select the Chart sheet. Right-click on the chart title. Choose Format Chart Title. Under Border, select Custom. From the style drop-down list, select Dotted. From the Color drop-down list, select Red. From the Weight drop-down list, select Thickest. Click on Ok. Click off the chart to deselect it. In the Format dialog box, the Font tab contains the information for the default chart font. On this tab, you can change the font’s type, style, size, and color. You can also specify that the font be underlined with single or double lines, use an effect such as subscript or superscript, and have a transparent or opaque background.

When you modify the default font, any chart text that uses the default font settings is updated to reflect your changes. Procedure: double-click on the white chart background. The Format Chart Area dialog box is displayed with the Patterns tab selected. Select the Font tab. In the Font list box, select a Font. In the Size list box, select a size. From the Color drop-down list, select a color and Click on OK.

You can change the font of individual chart text items by either double-clicking on the chart item or choosing Format, Selected, and then changing the font settings on the Font tab. The same font formatting options are available for individual chart items as are available for changing the default chart font. You can also format individual characters by selecting them and applying font changes. However, if the chart text is linked to worksheet data, you will not be able to apply formatting to individual characters in the text, because you must first be able to select the text in order to format it. Double-click on the chart title, then the Format Chart Title dialog box will display. You can also format the category axis by double-clicking on it.

You can use the Alignment tab in the Format dialog box to change the alignment of chart text from the horizontal default. You can change the orientation of chart text by rotating it. You can specify the amount of text rotation either by entering a number in the Degree text box or by dragging the text. When you drag the text, the degree of rotation is reflected in the Degree text box. When you enter a positive number or drag upward, the text is rotated from the lower left to the upper right.

Formatting Labels.
A chart appearance can be improved by changing the format and alignment of chart items and chart text. You can apply different number formats, such as currency, percent, or decimal, to the numbers on chart by using the options available in the Format dialog box. Double-click on the value axis. (The Format Axis dialog box will display) select the Number tab. Under Category, select Currency. Click on OK.

Applying the same formatting to the data labels. Right-click on the indicated data label. Choose Format Data Labels. In the Category list box, select Currency.
Data labels alignment also can be change the way the text is being changed by double-clicking on the data labels to display the Format Data Labels dialog box, select the Alignment tab, and specify the orientation in degrees. E.g. select the Alignment tab. Change the value in the Degree text box to --. Display the Label Position drop-down list. Select Center. Click on OK. To enhance the appearance of a chart, you can apply different colors and patterns to the data markers for each series. You might find it useful to format data markers with patterns when you are printing to non-color printers, or when you are printing charts that you plan to use as overheads. To display the Format Data Series dialog box, you double-click on one of the markers in the series. You can apply formatting to the individual data markers within a series, but if you do, that data marker will not match the legend or the other markers in the series. In the dialog box, under Area, click on Fill Effects. In the dialog box, select the Pattern tab. Under Pattern, select the upper-left pattern. Select a foreground color and a background color. Click on OK, click on OK. 

Regards,
BEM T. CELESTINE

CHART TYPES AND MODIFICATION (MS EXCEL)

Chart Types
When you create a chart in Excel, you have many types of charts from which to choose. If you wanted to change an existing chart’s type, you would click on the Chart Type would then be displayed, providing buttons for 18 different chart types. E.g. Pie, Bar, Area, Column, Line, Radar, XY (Scatter), Bubble, 3-D Area, 3-D Line etc.
The type of chart you use depends on the type of data that you are charting. Select the Chart sheet. Click on the Chart Type drop-down arrow. Click on the Bar Char button.

In addition to using the Chart Type button to change the chart type, you can use the Chart Type dialog box to view chart sub-types, custom chart types, and user-defined chart types. To display the Chart Type dialog box, you select the embedded chart or display the chart sheet, and choose Chart, Chart Type. Choose Chart, Chart Type. Under Chart Type, select Area. Select the Custom Types tab. You can select from several built-in custom chart types, or you can create your own chart type. In the Chart Type list box, select B&W Area. Click on Cancel.

NB: besides the Char Type button, you can also use the menu to change the chart type by choosing Chart, Chart Type. Excel provides eighteen different types of charts.

Modifying Embedded Charts.
We’ll modify an Embedded Chart by changing its type and position. Select the Chart Data sheet. Select the embedded chart. Click on the Chart Type drop-down arrow. Select 3-D Pie Chart. The chart type changes to 3-D Pie, but the pie-slice labels remain intact. You can drag a pie slice out of the chart to “explode” it. This feature is helpful when you want to call attention to one slice of the chart.

You can print an embedded chart as part of the worksheet, or you can print it separately. When you print an embedded chart as part of the worksheet, the size, proportions and position of the chart on the printout correspond to how the embedded chart is sized and placed on the worksheet. To print an embedded char with the worksheet, you must first verify that the embedded chart is not selected. Then you choose File, Print to display the Print dialog box. Because the embedded chart was not selected prior to choosing File, Print, the Active Sheet(s) option is selected by default under Print What.

To print, you would just click on OK. If you want to print an embedded chart by itself, you select the embedded chart, and choose File, Print to display the Print dialog box. Because you selected the embedded chart first, the selection option under Print What is chosen by default. You can adjust the print settings before you send your print job to the printer by using print Preview command.

Procedure: choose File, Print, click on Preview. When you print an embedded chart with a worksheet, you must size and position it on the worksheet. The page Setup options enable you to control how the data and char print. The Print Preview window enables you to view and work with the setup of your printout before you actually print. Click on setup. The Page Setup dialog box is displayed. The printout is set for portrait orientation, at 100% of its normal size, on letter-sized paper. Select the margins tab. Under Center on Page, check Horizontally. Click on OK. Then click on Close.
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Regards,
BEM T. CELESTINE

CHART (MS EXCEL)

Creating a Chart Sheet
Chart is a table, diagram or a graphical presentation of a data. Charts often make worksheet data clearer and easier to understand. Excel enables you to create a charts on chart sheets, which are separate sheets of a workbook file that contain only charts. Excel also enables you to create embedded charts, which are displayed on the same sheet as the worksheet. To create a chart on a chart sheet, you can either use the Chart Wizard or press the F11 key. The Chart Wizard feature leads you through a step-by-step process to create a chart. When you use the F11 key to create a chart, Excel applies the default chart format to the new chart. E.g. Input data in cells A4 to E9, click on cell A5. While pressing the Shift key, click on cell E9. Choose Insert, Chart. Click on Next> three times. The default chart format is a column chart with a legend displayed and some formatting applied. Click As New Sheet. Click on Finish.

When you create a chart, values from worksheet cells, called data points, create data markers that can be displayed as bars, columns, lines, pie slices, or other shapes. A data marker is a chart symbol that represents a single data point. All of the data points on t he worksheet combine on the chart to create data series. These are displayed on the chart as a group of data markers distinguished by the same color or pattern. A sample of each series’ marker color and pattern is displayed in the legend along with the series name. the legend identifies the series on the chart so that you can compare the chart easily with the worksheet data. The value axis is typically the vertical axis on the chart. It is also known as the y-axis. Values for data points are plotted against this axis. The category axis is typically the horizontal axis on a chart. It is also known as the x-axis. Category labels are plotted along the x-axis, and data markers for all series are grouped into these categories. Gridlines are lines that are drawn in the plot area, typically for the value axis, so that data markers can be compared easily with an axis value. You can also create a chart from non-adjacent data. To do so, you select the first range of data, and then press the Ctrl key while you select the second range of data. You can press F11 to create the chart from the selected ranges. E.g. select the Chart Data sheet tab. Click on cell A5. Press the Shift key and click on cell B9 to select the range A5:b9.

Another example, selecting the range for the fourth quarter and create a char. while pressing the Ctrl key, select cell E5 press the Shift key and click on cell E9. Choose Insert, Chart. Click on Next> three times. (putting the chart on its own sheet, too) select As New Sheet. Click on Finish. A second sheet has been added.
NB: Excel automatically names all chart sheets in numeric sequence, starting with ‘Chart1”.  You can rename it by Double-clicking on the Chart 2 sheet tab.

Embedded Charts
When you use the Chart Wizard feature, Excel draws the chart according to the selections you make in the Chart Wizard dialog boxes, and embeds that chart as an object on the worksheet. Embedding a chart enables you to work with it directly on the worksheet. Example.    Select cell A5. While pressing the Shift key, click on cell A9. While pressing the Ctrl key, click on cell F5. While pressing the Shift key, click on F9. Click on the Chart Wizard button.  The Chart Wizard provides a series of steps that guide you through the process of creating a chart. In the Chart Type list box, select Pie. Click on Next> the second step, Chart Source Data, is displayed. The range that you selected before you clicked on the chart Wizard button is entered in the Data Range text box as an absolute reference. Click Next> The Chart Options step contains options for the titles, legends, and data labels. Select the Data Labels tab. Under Data Labels, select Show Label And Percent. Click on Next>. Click on Finish.

As Embedded Chart an object on the worksheet, you can move it from one location to another by dragging it. You can size an embedded chart by using its selection handles. When you place the mouse pointer on one of the selection handles, the pointer changes to a two-headed arrow. You can then drag in the direction of either arrow to enlarge or reduce the size of the chart. When you size embedded chart, its dimensions remain proportional, but you might inadvertently truncate chart data.

You can delete any chart item that you can select by selecting it and pressing the Delete key. If you change your mind after you’ve deleted a chart item, you can click on the Undo button to reverse your action.

When you create a chart fro worksheet data, Excel creates an active link between the worksheet values and the chart data points. When you change a worksheet value, the chart data point changes automatically. The link to the worksheet data is the same whether a chart is embedded or is stored on a chart sheet.

You can use page setup options to control how the chart prints. Creating a chart on a separate sheet can be useful when you want to use the chart in a presentation. Embedded charts enable you to print a chart and its association data on the same page. Embedded charts can be useful in reports, when you want to present the chart and the actual worksheet data close together.
Regards,
Bem T. Celestine

PRINTING OPTION (MS EXCEL)

Now it is time for you to print your excel work, here in this printing option you can preview your work before printing.

To preview each page of a worksheet exactly as it will appear when it is printed, we can use Excels print preview feature. This feature will enable us to adjust the margins, header, footer, and page breaks. Click on the Print Preview button. The Print Preview window opens to display the worksheet as it will look when printed. When you place the mouse pointer over the worksheet, the cursor becomes a magnifying glass. Click on the preview’s header. The Print Preview window zooms in, focusing where you clicked the mouse button. In this case, it is the header. Click on the worksheet. The view of the worksheet has zoomed out so that a whole page is displayed. You can use this technique of zooming in and out to get a better look at any part of the worksheet when Excel is in Print Preview mode. The status bar tells us the current page and total number of pages. Click on Setup,  select the Margins tab. The Margins tab on the Page Setup dialog box enables us to control how much white space fills the margins, and to center the worksheet horizontally and vertically.

Under Center On Page, check Horizontally. Click on OK.  E.g. click on Margins. The dotted lines around the perimeter of the page are the margin, header, and footer markers. When you click and drag one of these margin lines. The status bar displays the distance in inches from the edge of the paper.

Click on Setup  select the Margins tab. Change the Left margin value and press Enter. Moving the left margin causes the text to shift to the left. We used the Page Setup dialog box to change the margins because we wanted more precision than we could get by dragging the margin lines.

Click on Setup  select the Header/Footer tab.   You can choose to add headers and footers from a selection of predefined formats, or you can create custom headers and footers. Click on Custom Header. In the Left Section box, type Draft Report. You can use the Custom Header and Custom Footer buttons to format or edit the selected header or footer.
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Press Tab twice. Click on the Date button. Click on Ok.  E.g. under Footer, click on the down arrow. Select Page 1 of ?,  click on Ok and click on Close button.

Page Setup when a Long Report workbook has been opened, and now let’s use print titles. Choose File, Page Setup. Select the Sheet tab.  The Sheet tab enables us to choose which rows should be used as print titles. These rows will be repeated at the top of each page of the printout. In the Rows to repeat at top text box, type $1:$3. To see the print titles, go back into Print Preview mode. In the Page Setup dialog box, click on Print Preview. Press the Page Down key.

Click on Setup. Select the Page tab. Under Scaling, select Fit To. Click on the up arrow to change the settings. These setting will scale the printout to fit the number of pages you prefer. Apply these changes and view the results. Click on Ok. Press the Page Up key. NB: the status bar now reads “Preview. Page 1 of 2”, indicating that our attempt to reduce the number of pages has been successful. However, the break between the two pages now falls in an undesirable location. Click on Page Break Preview. Press the Page Down key.

To override the page breaks that were inserted automaticall by Excel, we can use the Page Break Preview to drag a page break to the correct row, or we can insert page break directly into the worksheet.
Choose View, Normal. Select row e.g 36  choose Insert, page Break. (the new page break will displayed as a dotted line between the rows).

Using a Multiple-Sheet Workbook
A default Excel workbook contains three worksheets, named Sheet1 through Sheet3. A sheet’s name is displayed on the sheet tab. When a sheet is active, its name is displayed in boldface.  Click on the tab scroll right button. The tab scroll right button allows us to see the sheet tabs that are hidden behind the scroll bar by scrolling the sheet tabs one to the left. Click on the tab scroll last right button. Click on the tab scroll far left button. We can use these tab scrolling buttons to get access to any of the sheet tabs. Then, we can just click on the tab of the sheet we want to work with. Click on the Sheet 2 tab. Double-click on the tab for Sheet 1 by double-clicking on the tabs for the sheets, we can rename sheet tabs. Also by clicking on sheets while holding down the shift key, we can easily create formulas with 3-D references. In order to sum the values in cell from each worksheet, we need to select the cells for our formula. E.g. select the sheet tab. Select a cell B4. While pressing the Shift key, select another sheet. Press the Enter key. Excel will updated the formula with a reference to cell B4 from each of the first four worksheets, and the result of the sum function is displayed.  Select the sheet tab. Choose Edit, Delete Sheet. Click on Ok. Select the other sheet tab. With the sheet deleted, the formula that we created in cell B4 on the other sheet has automatically been recalculated for us. Choose Tools, Options. Select the General tab. The options dialog box will display which allows us to see and change the default settings for Excel. E.g. change the number of sheets to 200 and press the Enter key. Click on Ok. Now, if we create a new workbook, it will contain 200 worksheets rather than 3.

Excel as a Web Tool
You can save all or part of an Excel workbook as a web page. When you save Excel data as a web page,  it is saved as an HTML file, which is assigned the extension .htm. You can then post this file to an Internet web site or an intranet site.

To save Excel workbook as a web page.
Choose File, Save as web Page. Click on the Change Title button. Type the file name and click on Ok. Now, when someone opens your web page, this title will be displayed on the title bar of the web browser. Click on the Web Folder icon. Change the filename to and click on Save.
To preview the page in a Web browser. Choose File, Web Page Preview. Now we are looking at the Web page as it will appear to others who view it by using a Web browser. If you place your mouse pointer on any of the sheet tabs on the bottom of the page, the cursor will change to a hand with pointing finger. This indicates that each sheet tab is a hyperlink.    Click on sheets tab to view.

NB: the worksheets do not contain grid lines, column headings, or row headings. Also take note that since you save an entire workbook, all sixteen sheets are contained in the web page—even those that contain no data. Choose View, Source. by choosing to view the source of our Web page, we can see all of the HTML tags that Excel generated. These tags format our work book's data to mimic the layout and format as it appears when viewed in Excel. Click on the Close(X) button.

Regards,

BEM T. CELESTINE

PRINTING OPTION (MS EXCEL)

Now it is time for you to print your excel work, here in this printing option you can preview your work before printing.

To preview each page of a worksheet exactly as it will appear when it is printed, we can use Excels print preview feature. This feature will enable us to adjust the margins, header, footer, and page breaks. Click on the Print Preview button. The Print Preview window opens to display the worksheet as it will look when printed. When you place the mouse pointer over the worksheet, the cursor becomes a magnifying glass. Click on the preview’s header. The Print Preview window zooms in, focusing where you clicked the mouse button. In this case, it is the header. Click on the worksheet. The view of the worksheet has zoomed out so that a whole page is displayed. You can use this technique of zooming in and out to get a better look at any part of the worksheet when Excel is in Print Preview mode. The status bar tells us the current page and total number of pages. Click on Setup,  select the Margins tab. The Margins tab on the Page Setup dialog box enables us to control how much white space fills the margins, and to center the worksheet horizontally and vertically.

Under Center On Page, check Horizontally. Click on OK.  E.g. click on Margins. The dotted lines around the perimeter of the page are the margin, header, and footer markers. When you click and drag one of these margin lines. The status bar displays the distance in inches from the edge of the paper.

Click on Setup  select the Margins tab. Change the Left margin value and press Enter. Moving the left margin causes the text to shift to the left. We used the Page Setup dialog box to change the margins because we wanted more precision than we could get by dragging the margin lines.

Click on Setup  select the Header/Footer tab.   You can choose to add headers and footers from a selection of predefined formats, or you can create custom headers and footers. Click on Custom Header. In the Left Section box, type Draft Report. You can use the Custom Header and Custom Footer buttons to format or edit the selected header or footer.
">Click here for more information on printing option

Press Tab twice. Click on the Date button. Click on Ok.  E.g. under Footer, click on the down arrow. Select Page 1 of ?,  click on Ok and click on Close button.

Page Setup when a Long Report workbook has been opened, and now let’s use print titles. Choose File, Page Setup. Select the Sheet tab.  The Sheet tab enables us to choose which rows should be used as print titles. These rows will be repeated at the top of each page of the printout. In the Rows to repeat at top text box, type $1:$3. To see the print titles, go back into Print Preview mode. In the Page Setup dialog box, click on Print Preview. Press the Page Down key.

Click on Setup. Select the Page tab. Under Scaling, select Fit To. Click on the up arrow to change the settings. These setting will scale the printout to fit the number of pages you prefer. Apply these changes and view the results. Click on Ok. Press the Page Up key. NB: the status bar now reads “Preview. Page 1 of 2”, indicating that our attempt to reduce the number of pages has been successful. However, the break between the two pages now falls in an undesirable location. Click on Page Break Preview. Press the Page Down key.

To override the page breaks that were inserted automaticall by Excel, we can use the Page Break Preview to drag a page break to the correct row, or we can insert page break directly into the worksheet.
Choose View, Normal. Select row e.g 36  choose Insert, page Break. (the new page break will displayed as a dotted line between the rows).

Using a Multiple-Sheet Workbook
A default Excel workbook contains three worksheets, named Sheet1 through Sheet3. A sheet’s name is displayed on the sheet tab. When a sheet is active, its name is displayed in boldface.  Click on the tab scroll right button. The tab scroll right button allows us to see the sheet tabs that are hidden behind the scroll bar by scrolling the sheet tabs one to the left. Click on the tab scroll last right button. Click on the tab scroll far left button. We can use these tab scrolling buttons to get access to any of the sheet tabs. Then, we can just click on the tab of the sheet we want to work with. Click on the Sheet 2 tab. Double-click on the tab for Sheet 1 by double-clicking on the tabs for the sheets, we can rename sheet tabs. Also by clicking on sheets while holding down the shift key, we can easily create formulas with 3-D references. In order to sum the values in cell from each worksheet, we need to select the cells for our formula. E.g. select the sheet tab. Select a cell B4. While pressing the Shift key, select another sheet. Press the Enter key. Excel will updated the formula with a reference to cell B4 from each of the first four worksheets, and the result of the sum function is displayed.  Select the sheet tab. Choose Edit, Delete Sheet. Click on Ok. Select the other sheet tab. With the sheet deleted, the formula that we created in cell B4 on the other sheet has automatically been recalculated for us. Choose Tools, Options. Select the General tab. The options dialog box will display which allows us to see and change the default settings for Excel. E.g. change the number of sheets to 200 and press the Enter key. Click on Ok. Now, if we create a new workbook, it will contain 200 worksheets rather than 3.

Excel as a Web Tool
You can save all or part of an Excel workbook as a web page. When you save Excel data as a web page,  it is saved as an HTML file, which is assigned the extension .htm. You can then post this file to an Internet web site or an intranet site.

To save Excel workbook as a web page.
Choose File, Save as web Page. Click on the Change Title button. Type the file name and click on Ok. Now, when someone opens your web page, this title will be displayed on the title bar of the web browser. Click on the Web Folder icon. Change the filename to and click on Save.
To preview the page in a Web browser. Choose File, Web Page Preview. Now we are looking at the Web page as it will appear to others who view it by using a Web browser. If you place your mouse pointer on any of the sheet tabs on the bottom of the page, the cursor will change to a hand with pointing finger. This indicates that each sheet tab is a hyperlink.    Click on sheets tab to view.

NB: the worksheets do not contain grid lines, column headings, or row headings. Also take note that since you save an entire workbook, all sixteen sheets are contained in the web page—even those that contain no data. Choose View, Source. by choosing to view the source of our Web page, we can see all of the HTML tags that Excel generated. These tags format our work book's data to mimic the layout and format as it appears when viewed in Excel. Click on the Close(X) button.

Regards,

BEM T. CELESTINE

FORMATTING (MS EXCEL)

Hello, you are highly welcome to the next lesson.
Today you will be learning something on a topic; Formatting.

Formatting a Worksheet
Excel allow formatting and formatting will change only the appearance of the worksheet, and not the value of the data.  Formatting toolbar can be use to change the appearance of the text. The font size, face, style color, e.t.c. In addition to changing the size and font of text, we can modify its position and alignment.
Procedure: display the shortcut menu by right-clicking, choose Format Cells. Select the Alignment tab and change the value in the Degrees text box and click on Ok.

You can change the position of text by indenting it.  Indenting text is another way to emphasize important data.
Procedure: click on the Increase Indent button.
Borders: Click on the down arrow beside the Borders button. Click on the Thick Box Border button. Click on the down arrow beside the Fill Color button.

Color: the Fill Color button allows us to change the background of the currently selected cells. Procedure: select the color turquoise,  press the Home key to deselect the range.

Applying formatting to non-adjacent cells.
Select a cell while pressing the Ctrl key, select
Number Formats and Text Alignment

In Excel, the default numeric format is the General format. However, you can use any of Excel’s built-in formats to change the appearance of numbers in your worksheets. You can select the entire worksheet by clicking on the Select All button, which is the intersection of the row and column headings in the upper-left corner of the worksheet. Click on the Select All button.

Notice that the entire worksheet is selected. Now the changes we make to the following will affect all the cells. Right-click on the selected worksheet. Choose Format Cells.  Select the Number tab.

The Number tab gives us access to Excel built-in number formats. Select Currency from the Category list box, the Decimal Places text box will display. The value in this box will determine how many digits will be appear after the decimal point. Click on OK.

All numbers are displayed in the currency format with two decimal places. Most of the columns have been widened automatically to display the additional formatting. We can change the column widths manually as well. Select a cell. Choose Format, Column, Width. Type 3.57 for the column width. Click on the OK button. Since the column width is too small for the contents of cell, Excel displays a series of number signs in the worksheet. The contents of the cell, which can still be seen in the formula bar, remain unchanged. When we double-click on the boundary between the column headings, Excel resizes the column to fit the widest number or text in the column. Click on the Decrease Decimal button twice as well as the Increase Decimal button twice.  You can also click on the Align buttons to align your text.

In our next lesson we will be learning on how to print and printing options.

Thanks for attending and I will always be here for you.

Regards,
Bem T. Celestine

INSERTING ROWS AND RANGES, MOVING AND COPYING DATA (MS EXCEL)

Inserting Rows and Ranges
You can select an entire column or an entire row by clicking on the column or row heading. To select a row or column, use the drag method. After selecting, Right-click on the selected items and choose Insert. (NB: the row insertion will affect the entire worksheet. Fortunately, Excel allows us to undo this insertion easily. Click on the Undo button.

One other thing is that when rows are inserted, the ranges of cells included in formulas are updated.

Moving and Copying Data
There are two ways to move data in Excel. One way is to drag the data from one location to another. Procedure: Position the mouse pointer over the border of a cell you want to move until the pointer changes into an arrow, press and hold the mouse button, drag to the cell and release the mouse button.

Another way you can move data in Excel is to cut the data from one location and paste it to another. Procedure: select the cell, click on the Cut button. (the marquee surrounds the selected range) click on the Paste button.
Another way to copy a text is by drag and drop method. Select the cell, click and hold the mouse button, press and hold the Ctrl key to display a mouse pointer with a plus sign, drag to cell and release the mouse button and Ctrl key.

Excel adjusts copied formulas so cell reference change according to their new locations. These “adjusting” references are known as relative references.
E.g. using the fill-handle method to see how the cell references adjust. Select a cell that contains the formula. Position the mouse pointer over the lower-right corner of the cell border until the mouse pointer change to a solid plus sign, drag to a cell you want to copy the formula and release the mouse button. As you copied the formula to each cell, Excel adjusted the formula to reflect the change in the formula’s location relative to the column into which it was copied.

One other method you can use to copy a formula is to use the Copy and Paste buttons.

Absolute References
When formulas are being copied from one cell location to another, the cell references adjust automatically. Most of the time, this adjustment is just what we want.

Sometimes, however, we may not want this adjustment to occur. To prevent this, we must write the formula by using absolute references. E.g. add a formula that will calculate sales commissions. Type=  select the cells to which the formula will refer. Click on the H5, type *    click on cell H9, press the Enter key. Cell I 8 display the value.  Now using the handle to copy the formula to cells I 9:I12. Select cell I8. Use the fill handle method to copy the formula to the range I 9:I 12. As the formula will copy, the references will change relative to their locations. In this situation, this is not what we want, because the commission rate resides in cell only. We make a cell reference absolute, rather than relative, by inserting dollar signs ($) before the column and row designation. You should know that a cell reference can include both relative and absolute parts. We can type the dollar signs, or we select the cell reference and press the F4 key. When you press the F4 key once when a relative cell reference is selected, Excel inserts dollar signs in front of the column and row references. Press the Enter key. Use the fill handle method to copy the formulas to the range. Once the percentage value is change the formulas in the commission cells recalculate because they all refer to the %cell.

Regards,
BEM T. CELESTINE

THE MOST HOLY BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST (Solemnity)

Today is the a great day which we have to respect because it's Sunday being " The most Holy body and blood of Christ" which is called "Solemnity."

First let us look in the Bible in Exodus 24:3-8
3 Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD and all the ordinances; and all the people answered with one voice, and said, "All the words which the LORD has spoken we will do."

4 And Moses wrote all the words of the LORD. And he rose early in the morning, and built an altar at the foot of the mountain, and twelve pillars, according to the
twelve tribes of Israel.

5 And he sent young men of the people of Israel, who offered burnt offerings and sacrificed
peace offerings of oxen to the LORD.

6 And Moses took half of the blood and put it in basins, and half of the blood he threw against the altar.

7 Then he took the book of the covenant, and read it in the hearing of the people; and they said, "All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient."

8 And Moses took the blood and threw it upon the
people, and said, "Behold the blood of the covenant which the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these
words."

As the Lord create you give you everything for satisfactory what will you give to Him? Think about it.

In the first reading we heard a lot then let's open to the book of Psalm.  Psalms 116:12-13, 15-18
12 What shall I render to the LORD for all his bounty to me? 13 I will lift up the cup of salvation and call on the name of the LORD,
15 Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints. 16 O LORD, I am thy servant; I am thy servant, the son of thy handmaid. Thou hast loosed my bonds.
17 I will offer to thee the sacrifice of thanksgiving and
call on the name of the LORD. 18 I will pay my vows to the LORD in the presence of all his people.

As we look in the Old Testament now let's look in the New Testament as a Second reading which is in. Hebrews 9:11-15
11 But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things that have come, then through the greater and more
perfect tent (not made with hands, that is, not of this creation) 12 he entered once for all into the Holy Place, taking not the blood of goats and calves but his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption. 13 For if the sprinkling of defiled persons with the blood of goats and bulls and with the ashes of a heifer sanctifies for the purification of the flesh, 14 how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify your conscience from dead works to serve the living God. 15 Therefore he is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, since a death has occurred which redeems them from the transgressions under the first covenant.

As we look in both the Testament, the sacrifices made in the old testament was a burnt and animals blood why in new testament Jesus sacrifices Himself for us using His own blood.

Conclusively, let's hear from the Gospel of the Lord.
In Mark 14:12-16, 22-26
12 And on the first day of Unleavened Bread, when they sacrificed the passover lamb, his disciples said to him, "Where will you have us go and prepare for you to eat the passover?" 13 And he sent two of his disciples, and said to them, "Go into the city, and a man carrying a jar of water will meet you; follow him, 14 and wherever he enters, say to the householder, `The Teacher says, Where is my guest room, where I am to eat the passover with my disciples?' 15 And he will show you a large upper room furnished and ready; there prepare for us." 16 And the disciples set out and went to the city, and found it as he had told them; and they prepared the passover. 22 And as they were eating, he took bread, and blessed, and broke it, and gave it to them, and said, "Take; this is my body." 23 And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he gave it to them, and they all drank of it. 24 And he said to them, "This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many. 25 Truly, I say to you, I shall not drink again of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God." 26 And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.

May God bless you for hearing and receiving His words, through Christ our Lord, Amen.

Regards,
Brother, BEM T. CELESTINE

FUNCTIONS AND EDITING CELL CONTENT (MS EXCEL)

Working with Functions
The status bar provides constant feedback on any workbook that is currently displayed. One example of such feedback  is the AutoCalculate feature. By default, AutoCalculate displays the sum of values in the selected range. By looking at the status bar, we can see that AutoCalculate displays Sum=883. This is the sum to the range C10:E11.

The AutoCalculate area in the status bar displays the Sum of a selected value. But you can change the AutoCalculate formula by Right-clicking anywhere on the status bar then AutoCalculate pop-up menu will display. A function will be checked, indicating that it is the formula being used by the AutoCalculate feature. When you change the AutoCalculate formula, the status bar will displays the figures in the formula (e.g. Average=188.6). the built-in formulas in the AutoCalculate feature, called functions, represent only a few of the over 200 functions built into Excel.

Functions start with an equal sign (=) and generally have two components: the function name and its arguments. The arguments component must be enclosed in parentheses. In most functions that arguments are a cell range. Let’s enter a few of these functions into the worksheet now. Select cell C13, type =sum(  as you type, the formula is displayed in the cell and in the formula bar. Use the mouse to select the range like C7:C11. As you selected the range, Excel updated the formula in the formula bar with the range selection. To complete the function, type ) and press Enter. E.g.2 select cell C15   type=average( use the mouse to select the range like C7:C11

we can omit the closing parenthesis when entering a function that needs only one pair of parentheses. Excel will add the closing parenthesis automatically. To complete the formula, rather than press the Enter key, click on the Enter button in the formula bar. When you click on the Enter button the cell receiving the formula remains the active cell.

In cell a HIGH cell, enter the Max function to find the highest number within the range C7:C11. Once again, use the Enter button to complete the formula entry.
One of the most commonly used functions is the Sum function. Select a cell, click on the AutoSum button. When you clicked on the AutoSum button, Excel applied the Sum function and a suggested range to be added in the formula bar. If the suggested range is not correct, you can select the correct range before applying the function. Click on the Enter button to apply the function. You can use the AutoSum button to apply the Sum function to each cell in the range in one step. E.g. select the range C8:F11. Click on the AutoSum button.

Another way to apply functions to a worksheet is to use the Edit Formula button. By using this button, you can select a function from a list. E.g. select cell F13.  Click on the Edit Formula button. You can display the function list by clicking on the function list drop-down arrow. Click on the function list drop-down arrow. Select SUM from the function list. After selecting a function, Excel suggests a range and provides additional information about what the function can do. Excel has suggested that we want to add cells c13:E13, and that is correct. Click on OK. By using the Sum function, the correct formula has been entered into cell F13.

Another way to add formulas to our Excel worksheets is to use the Paste Function dialog box. The Paste Function dialog box lists each function by category. E.g. select cell F15. Click on the Paste Function button. The paste Function dialog box will display. From the Function category list, select All. From the Function name list, select AVERAGE. Click on Ok.  After you select a function, Excel suggests a range and provides additional information about what the function can do, just as it did when we used the Edit button. This time, however, the range suggestion is incorrect. To hide the dialog box, click on the Collapse button. (the dialog box has been collapsed, enabling you to select a different range). Select range F7:F11. To display the dialog box, click on the Expand button. (NB: the range you selected is displayed in the Number 1 box). Click on Ok.

Editing Cell Contents
You can enter text that is longer than a cell’s width into one cell. The additional text is displayed in the cells immediately to the right, if these cells are empty. E.g. select cell B2. Type Bem T Celestine and press the Enter key.  Some of the text looks as if it has spilled into cell C2. E.g. select cell C2. Observe that cell C2 is empty. The text that appears in cell C2 is contained in cell B2. The display space is just being “borrowed” because C2 is empty. We can change this. Type and press the Enter key. Now that cell C2 contains the number, cell B2 cannot borrow the display area. Let’s verify that the text in cell B2 is unchanged. Select cell B2. The formula bar displays the text “Bem T Celestine”. The text was not deleted. To enable the long text to be displayed, we need to clear the contains in cell C2. E.g. select cell C2. Press the Delete key.

There are several methods you can use to edit the contents of a cell. You can double-click on a cell or press the F2 key, which is the Edit key in Excel. Once Excel is in Edit mode, you can use the mouse or the keyboard to perform the edit. E.g. Double-click on cell B2. The mode indicator on the status bar now displays “Edit” and the formula bar contains the Cancel, Enter, and Edit Formula buttons.

Editing cell contents in a cell that contains a formula.
You might need to edit a formula if an argument is incorrect, or if the formula contains a circular reference. A circular reference occurs when a formula refers to the cell in which it resides.

When a worksheet contains a circular reference, an error message box is displayed when you open the worksheet. The Circular Reference toolbar is displayed and the message in the status bar identifies the cell that contains the circular reference even if it may not be as easy to identify the error. The Circular Reference toolbar contains tools to help you find and correct a circular reference. NB: a blue dot appears in a cell, it identifies a cell as one that contains a circular reference. If there were more than one cell containing a circular reference, they would appear in the Circular Reference toolbar’s drop-down list. Click on the Trace Precedents button to graphically displays the cell that are contained within the formula of a cell.

Regards,
BEM T. CELESTINE

NAVIGATION, MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES AND RANGES (MS EXCEL)

Navigation and Movement Techniques
To move to a specific cell or range, you can use the mouse, the menu, or the keyboard.

The sheet tabs are located at the bottom of the worksheet. Click on the sheet tab of your choice to view it contents. This worksheet contains formulas that calculate how much of each month’s payment loan interest is and how much is principal. When you drag the scroll box, scroll tips appear beside the scroll bar. These tips indicate which row will be at the top of your screen when you release the mouse button. Use the Page Down key to scroll one screen’s worth of information at a time. Pressing the Control and Home keys at the same tim will activate cell A1 in the current sheet. Press the Page Down key.

The Go To dialog box can be used to activate a particular cell on the worksheet. Choose Edit, Go To.  Type d70  and press the Enter key. We’ve activated cell D70. This cell contains a formula that adds the interest information for months 1 through 60. Now press the Control + Home key combination to return to the top of the worksheet.

When a worksheet is too large to fit on the screen, you can use the Windo, Freeze Panes command to “lock” certain rows or columns of information on the screen while you scroll through the rest of the worksheet.

Select cell A8.    Choose window, Freeze Panes.   Press the Page Down key.Because you used the Window, Freeze Panes command, everything above cell A8 is “frozen” on the screen. Now, we’ll return the worksheet to its previous state.Choose Window, Unfreeze Panes.

When you have more than one file open at once, you can use the window menu to access the other open files. Let’s switch to the My Sales Report file.
Choose Window, My Sales Report.

Next, we’ll close the two open files. When we close the My Sales Report file, the other open file, Loan Workbook, will become visible.
Choose File, Close.   Choose File, Close.     Click on No.
when you closed the second file, your changes were not saved. No workbooks are open. Now, let’s create a workbook by using the New button on the toolbar. Click on the New button. (A new worksheet has been created in the Excel application window).

Working with Ranges
A range is a group of adjacent cells in a worksheet. To select a range, you can use the mouse or the keyboard. Let’s try selecting a range by using each of these methods.

Place the mouse pointer in the center of cell B3. Press and hold the left mouse button. Drag down until cell B4 is highlighted; release the mouse button. Both cells B3 and B4 are selected. This is a small rang3e in which cell B3 is the active cell. The active cell in a range appears white. If you were to type when a range was selected, the active cell would receive the keystrokes. By clicking away from a range, you deselect it. Click on the A1. Now try selecting a range by using the keyboard. Select cell B4 by placing the mous4e pointer in the center of cell B4 and clicking. Cell B4 is the upper-left corner of the range. Now you need to indentify the lower-right corner of the range to complete the range selection. Place the mouse pointer over cell F5, hold down the Shift key, and click on cell F5.

Selecting the range that will contain the sales data for Sweet and Wilson. Use either selection method to select the range C10:E11. Observe that the active cell is C10. You can change the position of the active cell within a selected range by using the Enter key, the Tab key, and the Shift key. Press the Enter key. Press the Tab key. If you press the shift key, you can reverse the selection you made by using the Enter key or the Tab key. Hold down Shift  and press the Tab key. The active cell moved from cell D11 to cell C11. Hold down Shift and press the Enter key. The active cell has moved from cell C11 to cell C10.

Now let’s see what happens when the active cell is the last cell in the selected range. Press the Enter key five times to make cell E11 the active cell. Press the Enter key.
Ranges are useful when you need to enter data. Let’s add the sales data for Sweet and Wilson. Cell C10 is the active cell. Type 120 and press the Enter key.(the value 120 has been stored in cell C10 and the active cell has moved to cell C11). Type 213 and press the Enter key. The value 213 has been stored in cell C11, and the active cell is now D10. Enter the following numbers:
In cell D10: 134,  In cell D11: 98,  In cell E10: 201, In cell E11: 117

Once you enter the last number, the active cell returns to cell C10 in the upper-left corner of the selected range. To deselect the range, you can click on any cell. Click on cell B4 to deselect the range.

In our next lesson you will learn how to work with Function. click to see what FUNCTION means.

ENTERING AND CORRECTING DATA, USING FORMULAS (MS EXCEL)

To create your own workbook in Excel, you’ll have to enter data into cells. Worksheet cells can contain constant values and formulas.

In a worksheet, text is used to organize and identify the numerical information. By default, text is left-aligned in the cell.

Let’s select a cell by clicking on it. Notice that the mouse pointer becomes a cross when it’s over a cell.
Click on cell A2, type Months.
The word appears both in the formula bar and in the cell, but it has not yet been entered.
Observe the Cancel, Enter, and Edit Formula buttons located on the formula bar. They are used for data entry with the mouse. Press the Enter key.
The text is entered in cell A2, and cell A3 is now the active or selected, cell. The mode indicator returns to Ready. You can either click on cell or use the right-and up-arrow keys on your keyboard to select a cell.
Click on cell B2Type Sales  and press the Enter key.
The text is entered in cell B2, and cell B3 is now active.
Enter the following information in the cells listed:
In cell C2: Expenses
in cell D2: Totals
on method you can use to correct an item after it’s been entered into a cell is to retype the entry and enter it again. The new entry replaces the old entry.
Select cell D2.Type profits  and press the Enter  key.
The word “profits” replaces the word “Totals”.
It is also possible to change an entry before you enter it into a cell.
In cell A4, type January. Click on the Advance button, and we’ll press the Escape key for you.
The text in the cell is erased by pressing the Escape key.
Pressing the Backspace key is another method for changing entries as you type.
In cell A3, type January.  Press the Backspace key four times to erase “uary”. Press the Enter key. The text is entered into cell A3, and the active cell is now A4.
Enter the followings:
In cell A4: Feb, In cell A5: Mar,In cell A7: Totals
When you enter numbers into a cell, they are displayed as right-aligned by default.
In cell B3, type 120 press the Enter key.
The number is right-aligned in the cell. Now enter the following information in the cells listed:
Cell B4: 195, B5:230, C3:115, C4:100 and cell C5:125
Click here to go to Excel Basic

USING FORMULAS

Here in this lesson you will also learn how to use formulas in ms excel. First let's know what formulas are.

Formulas are instructions that you enter to perform calculations. You can create formulas by using numbers; however, it is preferable to construct formulas that refer to worksheet cells, because they will update automatically if you change numbers in the worksheet. In Excel, you create formulas by preceding the expression with an equal sign (=)

Let’s create a formula to add the numbers in cells B3, B4, and B5. If your computer has a numeric keypad, you can use the plus (+) key to speed up your typing.
Select cell B7,type=b3+b4+b5 and press the Enter key
Observe the current value in cell B7
Now we’ll change a value to see the effect on the formula results.
Select cell B3type 320 and press the Enter key
The result of the formula in cell b7 reflects the change.
Next, let’s enter a formula to calculate January’s profits by subtracting Expenses (C3) from Sales (B3).
In cell D3, enter the formula =b3-c4.

Now let’s enter the following formulas in the cells listed:
In cell D4:=b4-c4, In cell D5:=b5-c5,In cell C7:=c3+c4+c5,In cell D7:=d3+d4+d5
Keep in mind that Excel follows a specific sequence when it performs calculations. This is known as the order of operations:
Parentheses
Exponents
Multiplication and division
Addition and subtraction.

Next, we’ll add a formula for the April projection, which will calculate the Sales average for January and March.
Enter the following text into the worksheet:
In cell A9:Apr projIn cell B9:=(b3+b5)/2 now let’s complete the worksheet by entering the following formulas into the cells listed:
In cell C9:=(c3+c5)/2In cell D9:=(d3+d5)/2
To view the true contents of cell, select the cell and observe the formula bar. To display formulas rather than their results, choose Tools, Options, click on the view tab, and check Formulas in the Window Options box.
Select cell A1 This is an empty cell. By looking at the figures in the worksheet, you cannot tell the difference between raw numbers and calculation results. Select cell B2.
The formula bar contains a raw number, or a constant value. The number 320 is displayed in the formula bar and in the worksheet.Select cell B7
The formula bar contains a formula (=b3+b4+b5), and the worksheet displays the result (745).

Now, let’s learn how to clear the contents of a cell and use the Undo button.
Select cell A2. This cell contains the text “Months.” We don’t need this text in the worksheet. Press the Delete key. If you delete the contents of a cell, you can replace the contents by clicking on the Undo button. This will reverse your last action. Click on the Undo button.           (You will now know how to create formulas by using cell references).

INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT EXCEL

EXCEL BASICS
The spreadsheet contains text and numbers that have been entered by the user. We refer to these values as raw data. The spreadsheet also contains derived data. These are values that are calculated from the raw data with a paper spreadsheet is complicated, time consuming, and limited. If a portion of your raw data changes, you must erase and re-enter it. Then you have to erase and recalculate derived data, such as totals or averages that were affected by your changes.

For instance, if you change the amount of the January Telephone value from N48.35 to N58.35, then you must recalculate the Quarter Total, the Monthly Total, and the Balance.

Notice that when we change the January Telephone value, Excel automatically recalculated the totals and balance.

The intersection of a column and a row is called a cell. A cell’s  name is composed of its column letter followed by its row number, such as c5, as shown.

In Excel, spreadsheets are called worksheets. Excel provides you with electronic worksheets that you can use to manage numbers and calculations.
Notice that the columns are labeled with letters and the rows are labeled with numbers.

when you are viewing the Excel window. The main area, called the work area, contains an empty spreadsheet organized in columns and rows.

The components of the Excel application window are the title bar, the menu bar, the toolbars, the formula bar, and the status bar.

The Title bar displays the name of the open application and document. At the left end of the title bar, the control-menu icon enables you to control the size and position of the Excel application window. The three buttons at the right end of the title bar enable you to minimize, maximize, and close the application window.

Toolbar buttons provide shortcuts for accomplishing many Excel tasks. By pointing to a button with the mouse pointer, you can display a pop-up text box, called a screen Tip, containing the button’s name. to use a button, simply click on it.

The status bar, located at the bottom of the Excel window, displays information about the current selection. When you first open a worksheet, the status bar displays “Ready” to indicate that the program is in Ready mode.